TOURISM AND LANDSCAPE: CONFLICTS, COOPERATION AND RESILIENCE

Introduction
The word “landscape” is susceptible of nonunivocal interpretations in relation to the different linguistic genesis, landscape in English, paysage in French, landschaft in German, which refer to different cultural matrices of meaning [1]. Over the centuries the concept expressed by the word “landscape”, in the various European languages, has however evolved according to a common trend, from the meaning of relationship between the human community and the territory towards a progressive growing interest in the perceptual component.
The interest in landscape themes, affirmed in the Florence 2000 Convention, has fuelled and built a cultural background and a wide international debate that have brought to light the issues inherent in the authenticity of landscapes and reaffirmed the already known notion of cultural landscape as an expression of the anthropocene, as it refers to the sphere of interaction between man and the environment, resources, constraints and techniques of land use. The cultural landscape, although not explicitly mentioned in the text of the Florence Convention, has been recognized since 1992 as a protected category by UNESCO; in Riccardo Priore’s examination of the text of the European Landscape Convention [2] it is interpreted that the attribute “cultural” is intentionally omitted by the legislator in order not to privilege or exclude any type of landscape system.
In analysing the consistency and evolution of the cultural landscape, the intimate connection between the image of the places and the dynamics of growth and transformation of the territory is read in close correlation with the biophysical and socio-economic characteristics of a territory; we can say that the semiology study of landscape’s changes can explain the genesis of the evolutionary processes of the territory and guide the future management of ecosystems [3] by recognizing what the dominant changes are and the causes that produced them, and distinguishing the resilient components and custodians of the identity characteristics in which local communities recognize themselves. […]