RESTORATION OF MARRAKECH ANCIENT MEDINA FONDOUKS (MOROCCO) STEPS AND PROCESSES. Case of Fondouk El Kebbaj

The level of a building authenticity qualified as historic is not governed by universal criteria. Its value depends strongly on the integrity of all the parts of its structure, which by its history is often complex. Fondouk El Kebbaj deeply integrated in the process of enhancing the Marrakesh Medina (Morocco), was not protected from the effects of time and several parts inevitably fell into ruin. Its restoration and rehabilitation, along with other Fondouks, are facing great challenges: the need for a design faithful to the initial design to preserve the ancient built heritage, while providing modern comfort and safe conditions. In order to meet the-se challenges, the various ancient building processes are identified, in terms of both architecture and materials used. Then, solutions and treatments are provided for a more optimized design within the framework of the development program of the Marrakesh Medina launched in 2018 in view of its heritage preservation.